Glenda Scalise, 55, has been living in the public housing high-rise on 20 Elgin St. since 2004.
She was in supported accommodation before then, and before then she was homeless for two years.
She wandered on the street day after day. “I was literally homeless… I had mental health issues… the supported accommodation I was in for a year. And then this flat became vacant and I took it.”
“I was very lucky. I am very unusual because my housing worker pushed for me. Everyone else that I know has had to wait much longer…” she said.
The place she lives in locates in Carlton, one of the around twenty high-rise public housing sites in Melbourne. Spread across 14 suburbs, the sites contain over 40 high rises in total.
Where are those high–rises in Melbourne exactly?
(Source: Housing Commission of Victoria)
Entering the high rise was a bit like an adventure. The two buildings look isolated and abrupt from afar and you need to be approved by the intercom before actually go into the building. So I waited some time outside before calling Glenda. And then a hunchbacked old man, who has apparently lost his sight, felt his way to the intercom and then the steel gate slid open slowly. Last time I stopped by, it was broken and wide open.
The floor is tiled. The corridor is well-lit, although it seems a bit narrow when there are about six or seven flats on each floor.
Glenda lives by herself. Her flat has one bedroom, one bathroom and the other area constitutes the kitchen and the living room. An oven, a fridge, and a cupboard take up the whole kitchen area. Between the cupboards is a piece of board, on which all sorts of things line up one after one. Pictures and posters are all over the fridge and the wall next to it.
She has a bit trouble with space and dust. And she says she’d rather have a smaller bathroom and a bigger kitchen because it’s hard to cook in there. It’s not easy to step inside the bedroom, as bed sheets, clothes and shoes are just scattered on the floor.
“They (the government people) keep promising me new carpet and it never happened so, after about six, seven years, a friend helped me rip up all the carpet and helped me put down this…” she complained.
Glenda pays $180 a fortnight since she is on pension. Last year she worked for the Salvation Army in the drug and alcohol detox but then it was closed down. So she is on pension again. “When we got rises from the government on the pension, they put our rent up every time. So it’s not like we’re lagging behind,” she explained.
Glenda Scalise is one of the 127,000 public housing tenants in Victoria. There are about 38,000 people on the waiting list for public housing at the moment. According to Mark O’Brien, CEO of Tenants Union Victoria, Victoria has one of the worst proportions of public housing stock to waiting list of any of the mainland states. As public housing is increasingly targeted to people on the waiting list who are deemed as having special needs, it’s getting more difficult for many other low-income Victorians to get access to public housing.
In March this year, the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office (VAGO) released a report on Access to Public Housing. It indicates that waiting times for other tenants are up to seven years.
The VAGO report pointed out the public housing system is currently in a “critical” condition. This report basically says a number of challenges faced by the system, which include: first, the operating model and asset management approach is unsustainable; secondly, the direction of public housing and the approach to managing the portfolio are unclear; thirdly, the current model costs increasingly more than the revenue so it’s not financially viable.
Following the VAGO report, the Victorian government released two discussion papers in April – Pathways to a Fair and Sustainable Social Housing System – about main issues identified in the current public housing system and Social Housing – A Discussion Paper on the Options to Improve the Supply of Quality Housing – about options for reforming the public housing system. During the three-month consultation period, the Victorian Department of Human Services (DHS) has asked for submissions and feedbacks from individuals, industries, banks, housing associations, tenants and academics.
According to Shayne Graham, the Executive Project Officer for the Director of Housing in the DHS, so far, more than 1,200 submissions have been submitted online or via mail to the DHS and KPMG is currently going through those submissions and producing a report for the government.
Mr. O’Brien says that the discussion paper canvasses a number of different reform options for public housing. But unfortunately, many of the ideas undermine the very purpose of public housing.
“The private rental market is unaffordable, inaccessible and usually inappropriate for low-income people. The public housing system addresses many of those through subsidy… through very clear pathways to get access to public housing, and through secure tenures so that people don’t have to move around a lot. And they’re very important foundations for housing, for people to be able to engage in the community and in the economy.”
But according to him, some proposals in the discussion paper affect those very things. “They propose to deregulate rents to make them less affordable, to undermine secure tenures, so to make people move around more often, and to general introduce other conditions to get access to public housing, conditions like enforced training or workforce participation, conditions that many tenants who are currently in public housing would really struggle to satisfy,” he said.
According to the Pathway Paper, public housing is defined as housing owned and managed by the State through the Director of Housing – the landlord to public housing tenants. It is aimed at providing affordable and accessible housing for those Victorians who are unable to go to private housing market at a particular time in their lives. How has the public housing system evolved since the establishment of Housing Commission in 1943?
Brief history of public housing policy in Victoria
History of Public Housing Policy on Dipity.
(Source: Inquiry into the Adequacy and Future Directions of Public Housing in Victoria, September 2010, Family and Community Development Committee, Parliament of Victoria)
What the public housing reform should do?
According to Mr. O’Brien, the first thing the government needs to do is to commit to an ongoing operating subsidy in the social housing sector. That operating subsidy is an amount that government would pay to keep the sector running properly.
“It would depend on what kinds of clients the sector was housing. For people who have very complex needs, so people with mental illness, people with disability, the government operating subsidy would actually be quite large. For people who have smaller needs, say for example, they just got a low income, but really no other great need, then the operating subsidy would be less. But government should identify sort of ranges of subsidy that require to make the system work,” he said.
The second thing that government should do is to look at the problems that tenants who are currently residing in public housing actually experience, which is mainly about the maintenance backlog.
According to the Discussion Paper, 42 per cent of Victoria’s public housing stock is more than 30 years old and needs to be repaired or replaced. The VAGO report estimates that portfolio maintenance will require about $600 million in the next three years.
“There is a significant maintenance backlog in public housing, so a lot of tenants have repair and structural issues with their housing. The government needs to set aside additional funds to overcome the maintenance backlog that currently exists in public housing,” Mr O’Brien said.
The third thing that’s part of the stress in the public housing system is that it’s too small a system trying to cater to too large need.
“So what’s really important in the system is the government to invest money in growing the system. It’s always easy to think that, oh, maybe we should build one more house, rather than repair an old house, which is not very good thinking, but that’s a bit of what occurred,” he added.
Housing unaffordablility in Melbourne makes it worse for public housing
The End of Affordable Housing in Melbourne research paper, done by the Centre for Population and Urban Research at Monash University, shows that middle and high density dwellings is not a solution for providing more affordable housing and even flats and apartments are expensive and beyond the reach of most ordinary people on the ordinary income.
Note: (a) Low income households are defined as those in the 40 per cent of equivalised disposable household incomes (that is, the bottom two income quintiles).
(b) Rental stress is deemed to occur when households spend more than 30 per cent of their income on rent.
(c) Excludes households in collection districts defined as very remote, accounting for about 23 per cent of the population in the NT.
Dr Ernest Healy, the author of this paper, says that even low income working people are shut out of home ownership and pushed into rental accommodation; it would be much more difficult for people on pensions or benefits to find affordable housing.
“Certainly buying a house is out of question, but the competition for rental housing is very high because of the unaffordability of housing. Even relatively well-off people have to rent, then it increases the competition for available rental housing and the very low income people, disadvantaged people on government benefits and pensions are really at the margin. Their ability to even find decent rental housing is very limited,” he said.
There is pressure on the very existence of public housing estates in expensive middle-class areas in inner Melbourne. But Dr Healy thinks it really should be seen as an opportunity.
“Because in those inner parts of Melbourne, the ratio of jobs to residents is very high… And a lot of those jobs are in-person service jobs, face-to-face jobs… They are jobs that potentially that some of the residents in the housing commission towers could fill. So it makes sense from my point of view to keep the housing commission towers in affluent middle class areas because there is an abundance of in-person jobs that some of those people at least could do. But if you convert these public housing estates… move a lot of the housing commission tenants out to somewhere else; then they’re going to be mostly likely moved to places where there are fewer jobs. So I don’t think it makes sense socially to do that.”
What’s on now
According to Mr Graham, the government is undertaking an asset order, with plans to go out and assess 100 per cent of the stock of public housing. He says this is the first time and in this way, the government will get a complete view of the status on all of the property and they’ll be able to understand fully what the maintenance situation is. “There has been a bit of extrapolation to work out what the maintenance situation is, but this order will give us 100 per cent idea of what liability is in that respect,” he said.
Around 65,000 – 70,000 dwellings will be looked at all over Victoria. “The tenderer will undertake the work and report back to government. It will happen sometime next year… It’s a massive undertaking. It will take some time to do, but it’s gonna provide us with some valuable information,” Mr Graham said.
Mr Graham thinks the reform should ensure a viable and fair public housing system for vulnerable Victorians, now and into the future. “I think this is an opportunity for us to set a good bed and then to putting in place the policies that we need to make sure that we have a successful system going forward,” he said.
Mr Graham said in fact there isn’t a single proposal in the Discussion Paper. “All that is doing is asking questions, and it’s asking for feedback as to how might we do things differently.”
“It’s asking people to come back to government via the consultation process and tell us and give us some suggestions about what we could change, so it was asking questions should we change the rent or not, should we change tenure or not, what are the risks of doing these things, what are the benefits of doing these things, and what would the advantages and disadvantages be. So there’s been no decision made…” he said.
As for when the government will outline its plan for public housing, according to Mr Graham, that will depend on the feedback the government gets and also on the size of changes that they think they will need to make. “At this stage, they’re looking at releasing the framework in next year,” he said.
Mr Grahams said that although there hasn’t been any decisions made, the whole consultation process is relatively new. “This is not something that has necessarily been done in the last ten or twenty years… It will end up with a new way forward,” he said.
Catch a glimpse of where Glenda Scalise lives
Glenda was so addicted to drug ten years ago that she lost everything. “I just had nowhere; I just kept walking around with my shopping bags.” She said she had a family but one day she just left. In retrospect, she said she was out of her mind.
She hasn’t used drugs for four-and-a-half years with the help from narcotics anonymous. “Now many years later, I made amends to my family. My son comes here all the time, it’s all good, but it took me a long time to get here.” She said these calmly, with a meaningful smile at the corner of her mouth.
Now she is grateful for what she has, for not being homeless anymore. “I love living here. I’m lucky in this building cauz there are lots of families. The kids would always be out there… I’m very reluctant to think about moving, because I’ve been homeless. And I don’t want to end up on the streets again. This is like my security.”
She said she is not clear about what the Discussion Paper says. “I’m aware that something is going on… My neighbour told me that they’re going to renovate this building too, but then another neighbour told me that they’re gonna sell it and throw us out, so…” she laughed and then paused.
“Here is good for poor people. You got public transport everywhere. You got community house centre, doctors, you got the Melbourne Uni dentistry down there, you got the Melbourne Uni optometry so you know, for poor people it’s good to be here.”
Glenda has a cat, Miles to keep her company. She had him for nearly ten years.
“Sometimes, when I cry, he is like this, he puts his paw there… funny, I never had animals when we were kids, I never had an animal before, so it’s very strange, still.”
“Hi, baby, I call him baby. Hi baby, even though he is an old man…” she smiled.